Presentation of the dossier: Latin American Political Economy (2003–2025): Governance, Conflicts, and Structural Transformations
Abstract
Between 2003 and 2025, Latin America experienced profound transformations in its political economy associated with the commodity supercycle, the subsequent economic slowdown, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the acceleration of the global energy transition. This dossier examines these dynamics through the changing relationships among the state, capital, transnational actors, social movements, and structures of inequality across the region. The analysis is organized around five thematic axes: multilevel governance and state capacities; neo-extractivism and disputes over strategic resources in contexts of energy transition; financialization and changes in monetary policy in peripheral economies; the evolution of welfare models, social protection, and inequality; and the expansion of platform-based labor alongside new forms of economic regulation in contexts of political polarization. The dossier brings together eighteen studies based on case studies and documentary analysis aimed at identifying regional patterns and differentiated trajectories. The findings reveal the persistence of dependency structures, the intensification of socio-environmental conflicts, and the emergence of new institutional configurations linked to the energy transition, labor digitalization, and the expansion of financialization. Overall, the dossier provides an integrated interpretation of recent transformations in Latin American political economy, emphasizing structural tensions and new forms of development reconfiguration within contemporary capitalism.
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